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Back Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) The disclosure document typically used to comply with the Rule is called a Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD), which contains categories of information about the franchise's operations such as: required fees basic investment bankruptcy and litigation history of the company how long the franchise will be in effect a financial statement of the franchisor, and earnings claims. Before you invest in any franchise you should: (a) Get a copy of the franchisor’s Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) (b) Receive the document at least 14 days before you are asked to sign any contract or pay any money to the franchisor or an affiliate of the franchisor (c) Get a copy of the franchisor’s FDD before you spend any money to investigate the franchise offering The cover of the FDD must provide information about the available formats. Make sure you have a copy of the FDD in a format that is convenient for you and keep a copy for reference. Most important items in the Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) The International Franchise Association considers the six sections of the Franchise Disclosure Document to be critical pieces of information to help you evaluate a potential franchise for purchase: Item 7: Costs. Some of these costs are averages or estimates and may vary in your area. Talk to other franchisees who have been in the system for a year or more to see: (a) How much money they needed in the beginning until they became profitable. (b) How much they were able to draw from the business to support themselves. Item 11: Franchisor's obligations. Be sure you understand the services you will get before you open: (a) site selection (b) training (c) development assistance Be sure you know what services you will receive for your grand opening (marketing, advertising, field support) and what services you will receive after you begin operating your business (training, advertising, operations) Pay particular attention to those services the franchisor is obligated to provide and the services they may provide. Item 17: Renewal, termination, transfer, and dispute resolution. Take your time to understand what rights you will have and what rights you are giving up. Pay particular attention to any non-compete provisions and your obligations when the franchise relationship ends. Item 19: Financial performance representations. (a) Only 30 to 40 percent of all franchisors provide prospective franchisees with information about financial performance. (b) The next best thing to do is to talk to existing franchisees about sales and earnings potential. Item 20: Outlets and franchisee information. (a) Examine how many units the franchisor has taken back and resold. (b) If this number is high, this could indicate churning (when the franchisor takes back failed locations and markets them over and over.) (c) Pay attention to the contact information of the franchisees who have left the system, These are people you definitely want to talk to. Item 21: Financial statements. (a) Financial statements are the track record of the franchisor. You should be given copies of the franchisor's last three years' financial statements. (b) Take them to an accountant who specializes in franchising to evaluate. (c) Remember that the financial condition of the franchisor not only affects its ability to run a financially successful operation in the future, but it also determines whether it may go under and you will be left "holding the bag." (d) The two key financial statements to focus on are the balance sheet and the income statement. Make sure they are audited. Item 22: Contracts. Make sure that all the agreements listed are attached to the FDD-and read every one of them. Steps to Register a Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) Under the franchise laws, a franchisor must issue and properly disclose Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) before offering or selling a franchise. At the federal level and, in many states, there is no requirement to register an FDD. In the 13 states referred to as the franchise registration states, a franchisor must first register its FDD with the state franchise regulator before offering or selling a franchise in the state, these states are: - California - Hawaii - Illinois - Indiana - Maryland - Michigan - Minnesota - New York - North Dakota - Rhode Island - Virginia - Washington - Wisconsin In the 9 states referred to as the franchise filing states, a franchisor must first file a notice with the designated state regulator before offering or selling a franchise within the state, these states are: - Connecticut - Florida - Kentucky - Nebraska - North Carolina - South Carolina - South Dakota - Texas - Utah THE STEPS INVOLVED IN REGISTERING YOUR FDD OR FILING YOUR FDD AT THE STATE LEVEL, INCLUDE: STEP 1. Identify the State(s) Involved in the Franchise Sale – First, determine the state(s) that are involved in your franchise sale. Factors that you should evaluate with your legal counsel include: (a) the state where the franchised business will be established; (b) the franchisee’s state of residence, (c) any state where franchise sales activities/negotiations occurred, and (d) the state from which your franchise company operates. STEP 2. Determine each States Franchise Registration and Filing Status – Determine the FDD registration and filing status of the state(s) involved in your franchise sale. STEP 3. Register / File your FDD – You must include with your application: (a) Copy of your FDD (b) Payment for the state’s registration fee. Once the application is received it will be reviewed by a state regulator. Below is a summary of the franchise registration states, the franchise filing states, the state regulators involved, how long FDD registration takes, and the application process. FRANCHISE REGISTRATION STATES - California: your FDD must be registered with the California Department of Corp orations: - Hawaii: your FDD must be registered with the Business Registration Division of the Department of Commerce and Consume r Affairs ; - Illinois: your FDD must be registered with the Franchise Bureau of the Illinois Attorn ey General ; - Indiana: your FDD must be registered with the Securities Division of the Indiana Secreta ry of State ; - Maryland: your FDD must be registered with the Maryland Atto rney General; - Michigan: you must file a notice and register with the Michigan Secre tary of State ; - Minnesota: your FDD must be registered with the Securities Division of the Minnesota Departme nt of Commerce ; - New York: your FDD must be registered with the New York A ttorney General ; - North Dakota: your FDD must be registered with the North Dakota Secur ities Department ; - Rhode Island: your FDD must be registered with the Rhode Island Department of Bu siness Regulation ; - Virginia: your FDD must be registered with Virginia Corp oration Commission ; - Washington: your FDD must be registered with the Securities Division of the Washington State Department of Fin ancial Institutions ; and - Wisconsin: your FDD must be registered with the Securities Division of the Wisconsin Department of Fi nancial Institutions . If your primary trademarks are not registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) then you must also register your FDD in: - Connecticut: your FDD must be registered with the Connecticut Department of Banking ; - North Carolina: your FDD must be registered with the North Carolina Secretary of Stat e ; - South Carolina: your FDD must be registered with the South Carolina Secretary of Sta te ; and - Maine: You must register as a business opportunity with Maine’s Office of Securit ies . FRANCHISE FILING STATES For franchisors that have a federally registered trademark: the franchise filing states are: - Florida: an annual franchise exemption must be filed with the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Serv ices ; - South Dakota: an annual notice must be filed with the South Dakota Dept. of Labor & Regulation ; - Utah: an annual notice must be filed with the Utah Division of Consumer protection ; - Connecticut: a one-time exemption notice must be filed with the Connecticut Department of Banking ; - Kentucky: a one-time exemption notice must be filed with the Office of the Kentucky Attorney General ; - Nebraska: a one-time exemption notice must be filed with the Nebraska Department of Banking and Finance ; - North Carolina: a one-time exemption notice must be filed with the North Carolina Secretary of State ; - South Carolina: a one-time exemption notice should be filed with the South Carolina Secretary of State ; - Texas: a one-time exemption notice must be filed with the Texas Secretary of State . The additional Filing States if you do not have a federally registered trademark: - Georgia: a one-time filing of a Consent to Service of Process with the Georgia Secretary of Sta te . - Louisiana: a one-time filing of a Consent to Service of Process with the Louisiana Secretary of St ate . HOW LONG DOES FDD REGISTRATION TAKE? Timing varies from state to state and FDD registration can take anywhere from 20 days to three months depending on the completeness of your FDD and the time of year it is filed. UNIFORM FRANCHISE REGISTRATION APPLICATION There is variation among the states regarding certain disclosure requirements and supplements to the NASAA forms. Generally, your franchise registration application will include the following forms: - Uniform Franchise Registration Application page with data on the franchisor; - Certification page or “signature page”; - Consent to Service of Process; - Sales Agent Disclosure Form and the new Franchise Seller Disclosure Form; - Supplemental Information Form; - Copies of all advertising or promotional literature proposed to be used in the state; - Two paper copies of the disclosure document; - An auditors’ consent; and - Application fee. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back Advanced Degree or Exceptional Ability This is an Employment Based green card category and is available to individuals who are a member of professions holding an advanced degree or those who have exceptional ability. This page deals with an EB-2 through the National Interest Waiver process The employer can petition but the applicant can also self petition. The first step in the process is to assess whether or not you qualify under the advanced degree criteria or Exceptional Ability. The National Interest Waiver category (NIW) requires proof that your work is of “substantial merit” and “national importance” and that you will be coming to the U.S. to continue the type of work you have been doing overseas, ensuring it continues to constitute “substantial merit” and “national importance”. In addition, it must be shown that the applicant's “prospective endeavor” in the U.S. is so important that using the traditional route of filing a labor application would be detrimental to at least a segment of the U.S. population. Requirements and eligibility DOCUMENTATION When you attend an interview at your local U.S. Consulate or Embassy for your immigrant visa, you will be asked to bring with you a number of documents. These may include the following: A passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the intended date of entry into the U.S. The confirmation page of the DS-260 (Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration Application) Two 2×2 photographs that meet U.S. Visa standards Any relevant immigration documents received after your petition was filed A letter from your employer confirming employment Completed Medical Examination and Proof of Vaccination Forms Marriage and birth certificates if you are interviewing with your family who will also come with you to the U.S. All documents submitted should be in their original form. These will be given back to you usually at the end of the interview. Application Process To qualify for an EB-2 visa, your employer must file a Form I-140, Petition for Alien Worker. An NIW petition can be filed by an employer or can be a self petition. If the green card category is current for the applicant, the I-485 can also be filed at the same time as the I-140. In addition, the applicant can apply for work authorization and the ability to travel. The following evidence should be submitted with Form I-485: Two passport-style photos Copy of approval notice for Form I-612, Application for Waiver of the Foreign Residence Requirement (under Section 212(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as Amended) Copy of Form I-797, Approval notice for I-140 Copy of birth certificate or other records of your birth Copies of all passport pages with nonimmigrant visas Evidence of final compliance with the 3 or 5 years service requirement to be submitted no later than 120 days after the completion of the service requirement (Evidence of compliance must be submitted at intervals while the I-485 is pending) Form I-693, Medical Examination and Vaccination Record Photocopy of the Form I-797 Approval Notices for all extensions and changes of status Photocopy of the Form I-20 or IAP 66 school records (front and back, including all school annotations) Applicable fees Form G-28, if you have an attorney representing your case Period of stay / Family These are green cards so as long as you meet the residency requirements and do not violate the terms of the visa you can keep them for life. Your spouse and children can all join in the green card process. During the process where you and your spouse are applying for permanent resident status (status as a green card holder), your spouse is eligible to file for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD). Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back Asylum & Refugee Asylum may be granted to individuals already in the United States who are unable or unwilling to return to their home country because of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group (including sexual orientation), or political opinion. If you are granted asylum, you will be allowed to live and work in the United States. You will be able to apply for permanent residency one year after you are granted asylum. Benefits of Asylum Individuals granted Asylum are protected from being returned to his or her home country and will be authorized to work in the United States. The greatest benefit is that after one year of obtaining approval, you may apply for lawful permanent resident status also known as applying for a green card. Furthermore, after four years have passed after obtaining your green card, you can proceed to apply for U.S. Citizenship Asylum vs Refugee Status While some people use these terms interchangeably it’s necessary to point out that there are in fact distinct differences. First of all, they are both considered protections to foreign individuals who feel their safety is in jeopardy if they return to their home country. Those who are currently outside the United States, they should apply for refugee status Those who are already in the United States either through a visa or illegal methods, should seek asylum status. Both of these options, if approved by the government, would permit an individual to stay in the country indefinitely. Requirements & Eligibility ELIGIBILITY To be eligible for an Asylum Green Card, you must satisfy four conditions: You must have been physically present in the United States for at least one year. You must continue to meet the definition of a refugee. You must not have resettled in any other country, and You must not be deemed inadmissible. PERSECUTION MUST BE CONNECTED TO A PROTECTED GROUND It is important to understand that being a victim of violence in a country considered to be unsafe because of general violent conditions, civil strife, or war will likely not be enough to succeed on an asylum claim. Instead, the persecution suffered or feared to be suffered must be on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. In these cases, evidence should include that the group exists, and that individuals in the group share characteristics that are unchangeable and are recognized as socially distinct in a relevant society. Examples of evidence that helps focus on demonstrating persecution focused on a claimed group may include: In gender-based claims, evidence of social norms that prevent group members with the same gender from severing legal or social ties with a spouse or partner. Evidence of the unwillingness of government institutions or families to protect members of a particular group through the police or court system. Evidence of the unwillingness of the government to provide assistance, including through relocation, of members of a particular group. Evidence of widespread and tolerated violence against certain groups. These types of evidence potentially serve to prove that a group shares unchangeable characteristics that are recognized within the society the group lives within and whose shared characteristics form the basis of the persecution. PERSECUTION DISQUALIFYING FACTORS An Applicant must file the Asylum Application within one year of having arrived in the United States. There are certain exceptions that will allow for filing of the application past the one-year deadline. For most of these delays caused by the applicant, the clock will be stopped until the next interview date except for failing to appear at an interview or failing to appear in person to receive and acknowledge the decision. In the cases where an applicant is required to appear to receive the Asylum application and the applicant fails to appear to receive the decision, the clock will stop until the case is referred to the Immigration Court where it will restart at the first hearing before the Immigration Judge unless the applicant causes another delay. Certain past acts may also disqualify an applicant from Asylum relief. These acts include convictions for particularly serious crimes suck as commission of a serious non-political crime outside the United States, acts that create a reason or reasons to believe that the applicant is a danger to the security of the United States and participation in terrorist activities or persecution of others. Application process FILING FOR PERMANENT RESIDENCE (GREEN CARD) You may apply for a Green Card one year after being granted asylum. To apply for a Green Card, file a Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or to Adjust Status. You must submit a separate I-485 application packet for yourself and, if applicable, for each family member who received derivative asylum based on your case. In order to be eligible for a Green Card as an asylee, you must meet the following requirements: You properly file Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status; You are physically present in the United States at the time you file your Form I-485; You have been physically present in the United States for at least one year after you were granted asylum; You continue to meet the definition of a refugee, or to be the spouse or child of a refugee; You have not firmly resettled in any foreign country; Your grant of asylum has not been terminated; You are admissible to the United States for lawful permanent residence or eligible for a waiver of inadmissibility or other form of relief; and You merit the favourable exercise of discretion. Period of Stay and Family Asylum ultimately results in a green card so it does not have an expiration and is granted for an indefinite period. However, a beneficiary of Asylum status can lose status if one of the following circumstances occur: USCIS determines that the Asylum application was based on fraud. The Asylum beneficiary committed an act that violates Immigration Law that subjects the beneficiary to removal from the United States. The Asylum beneficiary no longer meets the definition of a refugee. The Asylum beneficiary has ordered, incited, assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any person on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. The Asylum beneficiary constitutes a danger to the community of the United States, if convicted of a particularly serious crime. The Asylum beneficiary Committed a serious non-political crime outside the United States prior to arriving in the United States. The Asylum beneficiary is a danger to the security of the United States, including terrorist activity. The Asylum beneficiary may be removed, to a country (other than the country of the applicant’s nationality or last habitual residence) in which the applicant’s life or freedom would not be threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, where the applicant is eligible to receive asylum or equivalent temporary protection; The Asylum beneficiary Has voluntarily availed himself or herself of the protection of the country of nationality or last habitual residence by returning to such country with permanent resident status or the reasonable possibility of obtaining such status with the same rights and obligations pertaining to other permanent residents of that country; or Asylum beneficiary Has acquired a new nationality and enjoys the protection of the country of his new nationality. A Spouse and children under 21 years of age who are present in the United States can obtain Asylum status with the Applicant’s primary Asylum application. If the spouse and children are outside of the United States, after approval, the Asylum Beneficiary can petition for the family seeking status filing form I-730 within 2 years of obtaining Asylum protection status Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back E2 - Treaty Investors There are many ways to live and work in the U.S. However, the E-2 represents one of the few ways to build your own business as a foreign entrepreneur. The process of obtaining this visa is relatively uncomplicated compared to popular visas like the H-1B, but qualifying is a different story. Find out what you need to be eligible for the E-2 treaty investor visa. E-2 treaty investor visas are non-immigrant visas reserved for foreign entrepreneurs of countries that have a Treaty of Trade and Commerce with the U.S. Essentially what this visa does is enable the foreign investor to develop or carry out the investment/ trade activities of the business. Processing times and Period of Stay/Extension of Stay An E-2 visa is a very document-intensive petition. In addition to a number of government forms, the visa requires the submission of a binder full of documentation that is often quite lengthy. Once the documentation is prepared, the processing time depends on the processing time at the consulate that is located in the applicant’s country. This could range from 3 weeks to 3 months (or longer). Qualified treaty investors and employees will be allowed a maximum initial stay of two years. Requests for extension of stay in, or changes of status to, E-2 classification may be granted in increments of up to two years each. There is no limit to the number of extensions an E-2 non-immigrant may be granted. All E-2 non-immigrants, however, must maintain an intention to depart the United States when their status expires or is terminated. An E-2 non-immigrant who travels abroad may generally be granted, if determined admissible by a U.S. Customs and Border Patrol Officer, an automatic two-year period of readmission when returning to the United States. Requirements & Eligibility YOU MUST BE A NATIONAL OF A TREATY COUNTRY Only available to people from the countries that the U.S. has a Treaty with. Many Western countries are on the list but there are also countries from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East on the list . YOU MUST HAVE INVESTED OR BE ACTIVELY IN THE PROCESS OF INVESTING IN THE ENTERPRISE In order to satisfy this part of the test, you must fulfil three requirements. Show Legitimate Possession and Control of the Funds Must invest funds that you have obtained by lawful means Must prove to the government that you either saved the money, were given the money as a gift, or legitimately earned the money To prove this you need tax returns, bank statements, investment accounts, and more All Funds Invested Must Be “At Risk” and Irrevocably Committed All of the assets invested must be personal assets subject to risk of loss Loans are fine but you must be on the hook if there is a loss and this requirement forces you to sign contracts and/or spend money prior to the approval of the Visa At-risk money does include credit card debt or other loans as long as those debts are not secured by business assets or in the name of a limited liability business You Must Be Close to Starting the Business The U.S. government does not want to approve Visas for people who “may” set up a business in the U.S. or who have a “desire” to start a business Must be at the start up ready phase Should have a signed lease Business bank account should be set up Should have a website Should have purchased whatever you need to get the business up and running YOU MUST BE IN A POSITION TO “DEVELOP & DIRECT” THE BUSINESS WITH SKILLS You must be the one that is going to direct and run the business Must have the appropriate skill set such that the government has faith that the business will be viable Educational background and experience should suggest that you will be in a position to make the business a success YOUR INVESTMENT MUST BE SUBSTANTIAL Investment could be as low as $15,000 or as high as millions Idle cash sitting in a business account is NOT considered an investment, but the government will consider a reasonable amount of working capital as part of an investment Make sure to keep records of all of your expenditures since the government will want to see them A substantial amount of capital is: Substantial in relationship to the total cost of either purchasing an established enterprise or establishing a new one Sufficient to ensure the treaty investor’s financial commitment to the successful operation of the enterprise Of a magnitude to support the likelihood that the treaty investor will successfully develop and direct the enterprise. The lower the cost of the enterprise, the higher, proportionately, the investment must be to be considered substantial. A bona fide enterprise refers to a real, active, and operating commercial or entrepreneurial undertaking which produces services or goods for profit. It must meet applicable legal requirements for doing business within its jurisdiction. YOUR INVESTMENT & BUSINESS CANNOT BE MARGINAL Business cannot be set up so that it provides a means of living just for yourself and your family Put together a business plan that shows growth over a 5-year period or by showing that you plan to hire employees in the future. YOU MUST INTEND TO RETURN TO YOUR HOME COUNTRY AFTER EXPIRATION OF THE E-2 VISA Sign a document that indicates you plan to return home once your visa expires You do not have to show any ties to your home country Application Process There are two ways you can apply for an E-2 visa. These are described below. APPLYING FOR AN E-2 VISA WHILE IN THE U.S. (CHANGE OF STATUS) Step 1: While having another type of VISA, you can file a petition to change status to an E-2 visa with the United States Citizen and Immigration Services (USCIS). Step2: The I-129 form you must file is the same form filed for many other non-immigrant visas (e.g. H-1B), and you would also complete the E-2 visa supplement. Step 3: This petition is document-intensive, and you must provide documentation to support all of the elements outlined in the E-2 visa requirements. Change of status does NOT permit you to re-enter the country the way an E-2 visa would Step 4: E-2 status is typically granted for a 2-year period. if you have dependents on your visa that are also in the U.S. (e.g. H-4) and you want to change their status, you must also file a Form I-539 APPLYING FOR AN E-2 VISA AT A CONSULATE (AN E-2 VISA) Step 1: If you are outside of the U.S., you must file a DS-160, a long application that is completed online. You must also complete a DS-156E supplement. Step 2: The documentation that you must provide is generally the same as the documentation required to file within the U.S. with USCIS. The consulate may impose some additional, specific procedural requirements. Step 3: E-2 visas are typically granted for between 2 & 5 years, and you are permitted to leave and enter the U.S. whenever you like. If you have dependents, separate DS-160 applications must be completed for them. A FEW THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DECIDING If you have been granted a change of status and leave the U.S., you must qualify for an E-visa at a consulate before re-entering. You must reapply for the E-2 from scratch and submit all supporting documentation as if the application were a new one. If you are in E-2 status as a result of a change in status, this fact will not speed up your consular adjudication or otherwise expedite your E-visa application at a consulate. Consular E-visas can be issued for 5 years whereas USCIS will only issue E-2 status for 2 years. Note that this could be particularly relevant in light of the marginality requirement of the E-2 visa. Convert E-2 visa to Green Card While no US non-immigrant visa automatically leads to a Green Card some of the common options include: E-2 AND EB-5 INVESTOR VISA PROGRAM This strategy enables an E2 investor to move to the US immediately on their E2 visa but to have the option of leveraging their US business to obtain a “green card” over the longer-term. DIRECT EB-5 If your E-2 business becomes large enough and employs enough people, it may be eligible for a Direct EB-5 visa. The minimum investment amount is $900,000 and the required number of jobs is ten. You must carefully consider the location of your business because only investments in Targeted Employment Areas are eligible for the lower $900,000 investment amount. Outside of these areas, the requirement capital doubles to $1.8 million. REGIONAL CENTER EB-5 Tying E-2 business to the requirements of the EB-5 program can be commercially restrictive, many people who pursue a Green Card from E-2 through EB-5 prefer to invest with a Regional Center instead. For example, it can be a challenge to maintain headcount to meet the EB-5 rules. Failure to do so can put your Green Card at risk. E2 AND EB1(C) FOR THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGER OR EXECUTIVE You must be a business in your home country with a qualifying relationship to your US E-2 Business and have worked at the overseas company for at least one of the three years immediately prior to moving to the United States on your E-2 Visa. You must also demonstrate an “intent to depart” when you apply for your E-2 Visa, which can conflict with plans to obtain a Green Card under EB-1c. It is vital you discuss your options with an immigration attorney at the beginning of the process. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back FRANCHISE LAW Whether taking a proactive role in helping clients to prevent future disputes, representing members of an organization in a corporate dissolution, or handling complex business litigation in a state or federal court – Buschkin Law Firm prides itself on providing clients with uncompromising advocacy and respected professionalism in all aspects of legal representation. If you are looking to buy a franchise, then caution should be exercised before leaping into the opportunity so as to avoid potential risks. Understand the commitment you are undertaking and your rights and obligations as a franchisee. Buschkin Law Firm can help in all aspects of franchise law. If you are a potential franchisee, your business documents are key. Therefore, it is critical to ensure that they are valid, comprehensive and fair before you make a purchase decision. At Buschkin Law Firm, through meticulous contract review and negotiation, we will work to protect your interests. The trademark is the cornerstone of what you are buying with a franchise investment. Our Firm will check that the trademark is a live, valid, federally registered trademark. This process involves checking state records to ensure there will be no trademark infringement claim brought against you. We will also learn about the background of the people and company along with the franchisor’s litigation and bankruptcy disclosures, among other records. In addition, we will review the terms of the franchise agreement and explain the franchisor’s obligations to the franchisees and vice versa. At Buschkin Law Firm, we are prepared to put our experience and insight to work for you as you enter into the world of franchise ownership. Franchise law encompasses rules and regulations at both the state and federal levels. It is essential to have someone on your side who understands this complex network and the impact these laws may have on your business venture. When you come to us, we will provide comprehensive, personalized representation at every stage of the process. This includes setting up your legal entity for you and helping negotiate the commercial lease for your business. Franchise Disclosure Document Read More Franchise Rule Read More Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US SERVICES SETTING UP A FRANCHISE SYSTEM Read More FRANCHISE DISCLOSURE ISSUES Read More BUYING A FRANCHISE Read More SELLING A FRANCHISE Read More FRANCHISEE ASSOCIATIONS Read More DISPUTE RESOLUTION Read More AREA DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS Read More PROTECTED MARKETING AREAS Read More REAL ESTATE ASPECTS OF FRANCHISING Read More STRUCTURING BUSINESS ENTITIES Read More

Back Comprehensive Healthcare Surrogate Estate Planning Services We know how important it is to have a health care surrogate in place before the time comes when one is needed. WHAT IS A HEALTH CARE SURROGATE? A health care surrogate is a third party who has been named in advance to make medical decisions on your behalf if you are unable to make those decisions yourself. The term can also be used interchangeably with “health care advanced directives,” “advanced health care directives,” or “health care power of attorney.” When appointing a health care surrogate, it’s very important to choose someone who is attentive, trustworthy, familiar with your medical wishes in various health-related scenarios, and capable of making difficult medical decisions. WHY DO I NEED A HEALTH CARE SURROGATE? Emotions run high during times of medical emergency. Families often have strong feelings about what should happen to their loved ones. If you were to suddenly fall ill, a legal document naming your health care surrogate could help eliminate any confusion about who is responsible for making decisions about your medical care. This will spare your family members from arguing (and in some cases even going to court) over who should be tasked with making difficult decisions regarding your well-being. The written document appointing a health care surrogate is especially important when you have internal family conflict or if you are bypassing family members to appoint a non-family member or companion to serve as your health care surrogate. You may want someone to have access to your medical information immediately, even if you are fully able to make your own decisions. In this way, your surrogate can be fully informed of your medical condition if, at some point in time, the doctors determine that you are unable to make your own decisions for medical care. A properly drafted health care surrogate can add that provision. The final decision on care always remains with you unless the doctor states that you cannot make a decision. We can help you with your advanced health care directive, ensuring that your wishes will be honored in any eventuality. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back IMMIGRATION LAW SERVICES B1-Visa Temporary Business Visitor Read More EB1A - Visa Extraordinary Ability Read More E2 - Visa Treaty Investors Read More EB1C - Visa Multinational Manager or Executive Read More EB2 - Visa Advanced Degree or Exceptional Ability Read More EB5 - Visa Immigrant Investor Program Read More EB3 - Visa Employment-Based Immigration Read More H1B - Visa Specialty Occupations Read More J1- Visa Exchange Visitors Read More O-1 - Visa Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement Read More L1 - Visa Intracompany Transferee Read More Asylum & Refugee Persecuted in their country of origin Read More LCA Labor Condition Application Read More PERM Program Electronic Review Management Read More Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back PROBATE & PROBATE AVOIDANCE Protect your loved ones from the hardship of distributing your estate, or get help managing the estate of a loved one. HOW WE CAN HELP: Assist with the probate process to ease the burden on your loved ones Speed up the process for you, ensure that it’s done right the first time, and make sure that your application gets approved Navigate restrictions so that you qualify for all of the assistance you need When you or a loved one passes away, an estate’s transition, called probate, goes into effect. Usually, the family is responsible, alongside a probate attorney, for distributing probate assets. Probate can go smoothly if funds and wills were created and are accessible, but not all people prepare for it. Probate starts with submitting a last will and testament, if there is one, and then moves onto organizing assets and property into a catalog of inventory. Creditor, attorney, and court fees are paid first. Only then is the estate legally transferred to beneficiaries and heirs. We are here to help you plan to avoid probate or represent you in probate court. PROBATE ASSETS VS. NON-PROBATE ASSETS Probate assets include assets for which the deceased person was the sole owner or jointly owned assets which lacked provisions for automatic succession of ownership at death. Non-probate assets include jointly held property for which ownership includes the “right of survivorship.” In this situation, the surviving owner automatically owns the property when the other owner dies. We can help you avoid probate by creating a revocable living trust to plan for the management of your assets in the event of your incapacity or death. Avoiding probate with the help of a qualified attorney is especially important for high-net-worth individuals. Many jointly owned properties and certain types of bank accounts can be set up so that they will automatically be transferred to the person you wish to inherit them at your death. PROBATE AVOIDANCE Probate can be a lengthy process. Beneficiaries must wait until the process of paying back creditors during probate is completed to receive their inheritance. Financial costs are involved in commencing and administering a probate proceeding including filing court fees, the fees of the Personal Representative, and the fees of the attorney administering the estate. When a Will goes through probate, it becomes a public record. In contrast, Trusts can avoid the process of probate and remain private. It is always recommended to avoid ancillary probate for out-of-state real and tangible personal property owned. MAKE IT SIMPLE Legislation has made the probate process as painless as possible, but there are always hiccups along the way. We’ll take the stress out of it by helping when wills are challenged, documents are lost, or creditors get confused. The law can be confusing, especially in times of grief, and people might try to exploit your situation. We make sure that doesn’t happen and provide complete clarity about your affairs. We also make probate faster, so you pay less in court fees. We understand the loss of a loved one is difficult and painful. We never want you to put off your own care for lengthy, contested probate. We’re committed to supporting you and ensuring that the process goes as smoothly as possible. COMMON QUESTIONS HOW CAN I PLAN TO AVOID OR MINIMIZE PROBATE? The best way to ensure that your family won’t be tangled up in a costly and lengthy probate case is to have a fully funded, revocable living trust. Your living trust should be fully funded with your assets. Any assets that are still in your name will have to go through probate, so make sure that all of your assets are titled in your trust. WHAT IF THERE IS NO WILL? If a family member dies without leaving a will and there are significant assets or property that you believe you have a claim to, it would be wise to hire an estate administration attorney to protect your interests. If a person dies without a will and has no living family members closer than a first cousin, relatives who believe they have a claim will have to prove so in a kinship hearing. This is a lengthy process requiring multiple hearings, but with experienced attorneys on your team, you will be spared much of the difficulty. DO I NEED AN ATTORNEY FOR PROBATE? It’s recommended because the process is so formalistic, thorough, and complex, and you don’t want to expose yourself to liability. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back REAL ESTATE ASPECTS OF FRANCHISING With our help, you'll be able to find the perfect location for your business. We are an expert team that can easily analyze and negotiate any lease or sublet agreement. We will make you aware of clauses that can cost you money over the term of your lease; tax clauses, common area maintenance clauses, percentage increases, and percentage overage clauses. We will advise you of the ramifications of these provisions and help you negotiate them. We will ensure that your right to assign or sublet is not overly restrictive. What about lease guarantees and “good guy” guarantees? We can help you protect yourself in these areas. We will help you negotiate your “work letter,” your construction contract, and your construction (or acquisition) financing loan agreement. Dollars count. Let us help you to save them. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back ESTATE &TRUST ADMINISTRATION We work with family members who have been appointed trustee, executor or personal representative of their loved one’s estate, as well as professional fiduciaries (corporate trustees and professional guardians) who serve in that capacity. HOW WE CAN HELP: Advise trustees on legal aspects of trust administration Ensure that distributions are carried out according to the wishes of the grantor Navigate through the maze of rules and regulations Our level of involvement is different depending on the case: while some clients need only minimal guidance on their duties and legal obligation as personal representatives and trustees, others desire additional engagement from their attorneys. We will accommodate both types of demands for services. TRUST ADMINISTRATION Trust administration refers to the trustees’ management of trust property according to the trust document’s terms and for the benefit of the beneficiaries after the settlor’s death. Many steps are required to safeguard effective administration. It is recommended to work with an attorney to help facilitate the process for the trustees throughout the process. ESTATE ADMINISTRATION Whenever a person dies, his or her estate needs to be collected and managed. Estate administration involves gathering the assets of the estate, paying the decedent's debts, and distributing the remaining assets. Without a basic understanding of the estate administration process, the whole experience can be pretty overwhelming. We advise trustees on legal issues related to trust administration. With our knowledge, we offer our clients the tools they need to make difficult decisions and fulfill their fiduciary obligations to the beneficiaries. Having a properly drafted and funded trust may help you avoid the stressful and complex probate process. But even when the courts are not involved in overseeing the administration of a trust, the trustee nevertheless has many of the same responsibilities as a representative in probate proceedings. The trustee has a duty to appropriately administer the trust, which includes notifying trust beneficiaries, collecting and investing trust assets, paying debts, and addressing tax issues. Fulfilling these requirements often takes significant time, effort, and knowledge of law. At Buschkin Law Firm, we understand that many trustees have little experience serving as a fiduciary. Our goal is to make this process as simple as possible. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back FRANCHISE DISCLOSURE ISSUES You may be buying or selling a franchise, but the FDD is necessary for both buyers and sellers to know. This disclosure document gives you all of what’s required under recently revised rules from July 1st 2008 (Amended Franchise Rule 16 C.F.R. Part 436) which will help protect consumers with their investment decisions. If you are a prospective franchisee, we will thoroughly review your application and advise you on the background, financial status, litigation history of any franchisers involved in this transaction. If you are a franchiser, we can help with the process by creating a franchise program for you. We'll review or prepare all of those documents and agreements so that they're ready when it comes time to register you as a seller of franchises in the states that require it. States that require FDD: California, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin Michigan has a notice filing requirement Oregon has a disclosure requirement but no filing requirement We're here to help you get your business off the ground and running smoothly. We’re sure we can provide all of those legal services necessary for launching or continuing franchising businesses. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. CLICK HERE TO SCHEDULE INITIAL CONSULTATION OR EMAIL US ‬ CALL US

Back Exchange Visitors The J-1 visa, also known as the Exchange Visitor Visa or J student visa, is for anyone outside of the US who wishes to take part in study- and work-related exchange programs approved by the Department of State Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. To qualify for a J-1 visa, the first thing you need to do is apply for an exchange program (study or work) through an assigned sponsor in the US. Only after you are accepted into a program, you can apply for a J-1 visa. The J-1 visa, also known as the Exchange Visitor Visa or J student visa, is for anyone outside of the US who wishes to take part in study- and work-related exchange programs approved by the Department of State Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. To qualify for a J-1 visa, the first thing you need to do is apply for an exchange program (study or work) through an assigned sponsor in the US. Only after you are accepted into a program, you can apply for a J-1 visa. The J-1 visa has 15 categories of eligible roles and/or program types: Au Pair Camp Counselor College and University Student Secondary School Student Government Visitor International Visitor Physician Professor Research Scholar Short-Term Scholar Specialist Summer Work Travel Teacher Trainee Intern CAN YOU WORK IN THE US WITH A J-1 VISA? Yes, you can! J-1 students are permitted to work while studying, as long as they obtain work authorization. There are certain restrictions, such as only working part time on campus for a maximum of 20 hours per week. Students are permitted to work full time during academic breaks. TWO-YEAR HOME RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT A J-1 visa is issued with several conditions attached, one of which is that after your program is over and your visa expires, you have to return to your home country and live for two years. You are subject to this condition if you are a part of a: Government-funded Exchange Program. Specialized Knowledge or Skill. Graduate Medical Education/Training. During this time, you cannot apply for the following visas: An immigrant visa. A temporary worker (H). An intracompany transferee (L). A fiancé visa. Requirements and eligibility DOCUMENTATION When you apply for a J-1 visa, you at least need to prepare the following documents: Passport. Your passport must be valid for at least six months after you depart from the country unless there are specific exemptions depending on where you are from. Photograph. Submit your photograph when you complete the visa application form online. If your photo is not uploading, then bring a physical copy but, please make sure to follow the instructions on how to take your visa photo. Non-immigrant visa application form. Fill in form DS-160 online and bring the confirmation page with you to the embassy/consulate. Visa fee receipt. If you are required to pay the visa fee before your interview, bring your receipt. Form DS- 2019. After you are accepted into your exchange program, your sponsor registers you into SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System). Afterward, you will receive this DS form, and you may be required to pay a form fee. Form DS- 7002. If you’re a participant in the J-1 trainee and intern categories, you will also need this form. J1 visa health insurance. You must have health insurance coverage and it is the sponsor’s responsibility to ensure that you have purchased one. You may also be asked to provide additional documents for the review process, such as evidence of: The purpose of your travel; Your intent to depart the United States after your travel; Your ability to pay all travel costs. Evidence of your employment and/or your family ties may be sufficient to show the purpose of your travel and your intent to return to your home country. If you cannot cover all the costs for your travel, you may show evidence that another person will cover some or all costs for your travel. You need to review the instructions from the US embassy or consulate where you apply. After you submit your application, remember to get a payment receipt to present at your visa interview. Application process Period of Stay/Extension of Stay The length of time for which you will be allowed to stay in the U.S. on a J-1 exchange visitor visa depends on the type of program you will be participating in and the dates of your planned participation. Family of the J-1 Plenty of Exchange Visitors travel to the United States with their spouse and children. These family members receive J-2 visas. They are able to attend school and work (conditionally) in the country for the duration of the primary J-1 visa holder’s program. HOW TO REQUEST A SEPARATE FAMILY DS-2019 Step 1: Gather Supporting Information and Documents: Have the scholar provide a scan of the dependent’s passport biographic page and any new documentation of funding. Step 2: ISO Issues DS-2019: Use the information on the scholar’s most recent visa request and the documents gathered to complete the Add J-2 Dependent Request and submit it. You will receive a confirmation email. ISO will then issue a new DS-2019 for the J-2 dependent. Step 3: Send DS-2019 on to Exchange Visitor: Send the original DS-2019 and attachments to the J-1 exchange visitor in hard copy. Do not send the exchange visitor a scan of the DS-2019; UW is forbidden by law from sending DS-2019s by scan or fax to outside parties. You may email the program number or SEVIS number from the DS-2019 to the exchange visitor to facilitate visa appointment scheduling at a U.S. consulate abroad. Step 4: J-2 Dependent Applies for Visa at Consulate and Enters U.S.: There is no check-in or SEVIS validation requirement for J-2 dependents. Contact If you are in the US or planning to come to the US and would like to schedule a consultation, let's connect. 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